The Development of LED-Based Smart Solar System Model to Improve Fifth-Grade Students’ Understanding of Science Concepts

Faizal Septiandhika; Diki Rukmana

doi:10.17509/2gy2cn97

Authors

Faizal Septiandhika Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka Author
Diki Rukmana Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17509/2gy2cn97

Keywords:

LED Lights Media, Science Conceptual Understanding, Smart Solar System Model

Abstract

This study was motivated by elementary school students’ low conceptual understanding of the solar system because the topic involves abstract concepts that are difficult to visualize. This study aimed to develop an LED-based Smart Solar System Model, a three-dimensional learning medium designed to visualize the structure and movement of the solar system for fifth-grade elementary school students, and to determine its feasibility and effectiveness in improving students’ conceptual understanding of science. The study employed the Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model, which consists of the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation stages. Data were collected through observations, interviews, documentation, and tests, while the product feasibility was evaluated through expert validation. The results showed that the LED-based Smart Solar System Model was classified as highly feasible, with validation scores of 95% from content experts, 90% from media experts, 96% from pedagogical experts, and 82% from instrument experts. The implementation of the media also improved students’ conceptual understanding, as indicated by the increase in the mean score from 52.19 on the pretest to 72.29 on the posttest. The results of the paired-samples t-test yielded a t-value of 8.421 with a significance value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores. These results demonstrate that the LED-based model provides an effective, concrete alternative for teaching abstract astronomical concepts in elementary schools. However, the study was conducted in a single school, warranting further research across broader educational contexts and grade levels

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